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John Galt (; 2 May 1779 – 11 April 1839) was a Scottish novelist, entrepreneur, and political and social commentator. Because he was the first novelist to deal with issues of the Industrial Revolution, he has been called the first political novelist in the English language.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC Writing Scotland, Reformers and Radicals: A Man's a Man )〕 He was the founder of the city of Guelph in Canada, and father of Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt of Montreal. ==Life== Born in Irvine, in Ayrshire, Galt was the son of a naval captain. He was a first cousin of Captain Alexander Allan. His family moved between Irvine and Greenock several times, and when they settled in Greenock in 1789, Galt became an apprentice and junior clerk, writing essays and stories for local journals in his spare time. He moved to London in 1804 to seek his fortune and in 1809 began studying law at Lincoln's Inn.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dictionary of Canadian Biography entry for John Galt )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Article detailing John Galt's literary works )〕 While subsequently traveling in Europe, Galt met and befriended Lord Byron. On his return to London, Galt wrote an account of his travels, which met with moderate success. Decades later, he would also publish the first full biography of Lord Byron. He also published the first biography of the painter Benjamin West, ''The Life and Studies of Benjamin West'' (1816, expanded 1820).〔 In 1813, Galt attempted to establish a Gibraltarian trading company, in order to circumvent Napoleon's embargo on British trade; however, Wellington's victory in Spain made this no longer necessary. Galt then returned to London and married Elizabeth Tilloch, daughter of Alexander Tilloch. In 1815, he became Secretary of the Royal Caledonian Asylum in London. He also privately consulted in several business ventures.〔 Concentrating on his writing for the next several years, Galt lived at times in London, Glasgow, Edinburgh and elsewhere, writing fiction and a number of school texts under the pseudonym Reverend T. Clark. In addition to moving his residence frequently during this period, Galt also switched publishers several times, moving from ''Blackwood's Magazine'' to Oliver and Boyd and then back again.〔 In 1824, Galt was appointed Secretary to the Canada Company, a charter company established to aid in the colonization of the Huron Tract in Upper Canada. While in Canada, Galt lived in Upper Canada (now Ontario), where he founded the city of Guelph in 1827,〔 then co-founded the town of Goderich〔 with Tiger Dunlop that same year. The community of Galt in Ontario was named after him. His three sons played prominent roles in Canadian politics; one of them, Alexander, was one of the 'Fathers of the Confederation', and Canada's first Minister of Finance.〔 During his tenure with the Canada Company, Galt ran afoul of several colonial authorities, including Sir Peregrine Maitland, who was Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada at the time.〔 He was heavily criticised by his employers for his lack of basic accounting skills and failure to carry out their established policies. This resulted in his dismissal and recall to Great Britain in 1829.〔 Soon after his return to England he was imprisoned for several months for failure to pay his debts.〔 One of Galt's last novels, ''The Member'', has political corruption as its central theme.〔 Despite failing health, Galt was involved in another colonial business venture, the British American Land Company, which was formed to develop lands in the Eastern Townships of Lower Canada (now Quebec). Galt served as secretary but was forced to resign in December 1832 because of his health.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Canadian encyclopedia article on British American Land Company )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Quebec historical article on John Galt )〕 He retired back to Greenock, publishing his two-volume ''Autobiography'' in 1833. Galt had met the travel writer Harriet Pigott. Pigott persuaded Galt to edit her ''Records of Real Life in the Palace and the Cottage''. She received some criticism for this as it was suspected that she was just taking advantage of Galt. However her unfinished biography of him which is in the Bodleian library implies that it was more of a mutual respects than her critics allowed. ''Records of Real Life in the Palace and the Cottage'' had an introduction by Galt and this three volume work was published in 1839.〔Pam Perkins, ‘Pigott, Harriet (1775–1846)’, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004 (accessed 5 April 2015 )〕 Galt died on 11 April 1839.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=E-notes literary criticism of John Galt )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Galt (novelist)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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